Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now - 808 Words

Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad and â€Å"Apocalypse Now†, a movie directed by Francis Coppola represent two outstanding examples that compare relevant ideas regarding racism, colonialism, and prejudices. The two combine film along with descriptive language to portray their mastery during different eras. For Heart of Darkness, Conrad uses his writing techniques to illustrate Marlow in the Congo, while in â€Å"Apocalypse Now†, Coppola uses film editing and close ups on important scenes with unique sounds to identify Willards’ quest for Kurtz. Both portray the idea of colonization in foreign lands that otherwise may have been uninhabited by their own people if left alone. In the Heart of Darkness, while Marlow and the crew are traveling†¦show more content†¦One difference in the scene discussed previously is seen that in the Heart of Darkness the pilgrims fire first on the crew members which spark return fire. As opposed to â€Å"Apocalypse N ow†, where the crew are the ones to engage in firing bullets at the natives. It’s interesting to see a story be reinvented on screen to help the reader better understand the book as a whole. Coppola uses many of the same tools Conrad used as well as incorporating his own taste of how things should change such as different settings and characters. Both Coppola and Conrad master their tools, one with film and the other writing to intertwine how colonialism, prejudice, and race all factor in to why these men are looking for captain Kurtz. These two works parallel each other but at the same time reflect their own time period and the creators own personalShow MoreRelated Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness1263 Words   |  6 PagesElements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness certain elements of darkness attempt to show how deep one must look inside themselves to discover the truth. Conrad portrays the idea of the darkness of the human heart through things such as the interior of the jungle and its immensity, the Inner Station, and Kurtzs own twisted deeds. Coppolas heart of darkness is represented by the madness of the Vietnam War and how even to lookRead MoreHeart of Darkness vs. Apocalypse Now1031 Words   |  5 Pagesoutstanding feat. Francis Ford Coppola s Apocalypse Now did not only that, but won Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound. Coppola can not take all the credit for this enlightening movie. The film was loosely based off of Joseph Conrad s Heart of Darkness. Though Conrad was not credited in Apocalypse Now, his novella has a great impact on Coppola s cinematic masterpiece. Captain Benjamin Willard of Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness s Marlow are very much alike. Both are sentRead MoreEssay Apocalypse Now / Heart of Darkness862 Words   |  4 Pages When Joseph Conrad sat down to write Heart of Darkness over a century ago he decided to set his tale amidst his own countrys involvement in the African Congo. Deep in the African jungle his character would make his journey to find the Captain gone astray. Over eighty years later Francis Ford Coppolas Willard would take his journey not in Afica but in the jungles of South Asia. Coppolas Film, Apocalypse Now uses the backdrop of the American Vietnam War yet the similarities between the ConradsRead MoreHeart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now Essay1782 Words   |  8 PagesENGLISH EXTENSION ESSAY – Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now The dark core of human nature has been a timeless notion, explored and extrapolated by many literary critics. Both the core text,  Heart of Darkness  by Joseph Conrad and its film appropriation,  Apocalypse Now  directed by Francis Ford Coppola, ignite interest as to question whether  humans are essentially creatures of dark nature when stripped down to bare essentials. When these are linked to values of greed and hunger for power and dominationRead MoreSimilarities Between Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now922 Words   |  4 Pages The Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, illustrates one’s voyage on the Congo River, into the heart of darkness of Africa, told by the narrator Charles Marlow. Similar to the novel, Apocalypse Now focuses on a captain in the Vietnam War ordered to assassinate a colonel, named Kurtz. Each of these works convey an important time in American history, highlighting the era of imperialism and that of the Vietnam War. Overall, Apocalypse Now can be seen as a direct parallel to Heart of Darkness, shownRead More Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚   In the opening scenes of the documentary film Hearts of Darkness-A Filmmakers Apocalypse, Eleanor Coppola describes her husband Franciss film, Apocalypse Now, as being loosely based on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Indeed, loosely is the word; the period, setting, and circumstances of the film are totally different from those of the novella. Yet, a close analysis of character, plot, and theme in each respective work reveals thatRead MoreParallels Between Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now1871 Words   |  8 PagesVarious parallels can be drawn when comparing and contrasting Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Frank Coppolas Apocalypse Now, while taking into consideration Heart of Darkness is a novella and Apocalypse Now is a film. These differences and similarities can be seen in themes, characters, events and other small snippets of information including anything from quoted lines to strange actions of the main characters. Both pieces follow the same story line but they are presented in differentRead MoreSimilarities Of Imperialism In Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now830 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarity present in all 3 stories. In the Heart of Darkness European Imperialism and its’ cruelty is displayed, while in Apocalypse Now we see American Imperialism fighting the Vietnam War. Hearts of darkness also has some imperialism, but it is hidden in metaphors, showing ‘’imperialism’’ of human soul. Next, main protagonist is sent to explore ‘’the darkness’’, in Heart of Darkness it is Marlow, in Apocalypse now it is Willard and in the Hearts of Darkness it is director and Frencis Coppela’s wifeRead More Varying Interpretations of Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now2628 Words   |  11 PagesInterpretations of Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now   Ã‚  Ã‚   The true meaning of varying interpretations comes alive when one compares the two film versions of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now have the same basic outline and underlying themes, however the plots, characters, settings, time, purposes, and points of view differ enough to create two extremely different effects and two entirely opposite movies. Both movies depict an insanity: of man in Heart of DarknessRead More A Comparison of the Power of Will in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now1893 Words   |  8 PagesWill in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story of Heart of Darkness was adapted to film after many failed attempts. (Hearts of Darkness, Coppala E.). Finally, director Francis Coppala collaborated with his friend John Milius on writing a screen play for Conrads masterpiece. The two came up with Apocalypse Now, utilizing a more modern setting than the original story which was based in imperialistic Europe. The modern setting was that of the Vietnam war. Apocalypse Now focuses

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Criminal Behavior the Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing Free Essays

Running head: SOCIAL CONTROL, STRAIN, SOCIAL LEARNING, AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Criminal Behavior: The Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing Criminal Behavior: The Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing Imagine someone telling you that â€Å"you are the product of your environment†, what does that mean? Imagine a girl who has decided to pursue a career as a stripper. All of her friends are strippers and the new people she meets are those she has met while stripping. Would it be easy for her to quit that job? What would happen if she moved away and was surrounded by well-educated individuals? – Individuals who gave her strong social support and a good positive influence. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Behavior: the Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now What about the youth living in a deprived neighborhood, surrounded by small hopes and dreams for the future and low supervision? Is it possible that they become just like everyone else in their community? Let us compare an individual who lives in a disorganized community with an individual in a more organized and structured community, which one is more likely to develop criminal and delinquent behaviors? The purpose of this study is to investigate the measurable affirmation of criminal behavior contributing to a selective demographic based on three theories: social control theory, social learning theory, and strain theory. The idea in which the environment is the context within which all social relations occur has been brought to our attention by Lewin (1943) and can be used to make concept of a major factor in developing criminal and delinquent behaviors. Lewin proposed that the fundamental principle of social psychology research is that human behavior is a function of not only the person, but of the environment as well (Opotow Gieseking, 2011). A large body of research has been done regarding the human behavior as a function of their â€Å"life space† and the person’s environment, such as neighborhoods, schools, work, and their friendships. Lewin states that particular places can serve as â€Å"contact zones† (Opotow Gieseking, 2011) and support certain kinds of interaction. These â€Å"contact zones† are formed between people and the physical characteristics of the built and natural world they live in (Opotow Gieseking, 2011). Social control theory, strain theory, and social learning theory were all proposed by a variety of researchers strongly supporting the link between environment and the development of criminal minds. The theories supported are thought of as individual-level processes (Hoffman, 2003). The social control theory, for example, is the thought that community disorganization lessens bonding mechanisms by making parental supervision and interpersonal attachments more vague (Hoffman, 2003; Elliot et al. , 1997; Shaw McKay, 1931). With community disorganization comes little to no control. The community is usually distinguished by residential instability and a high ratio of broken families as well as single parents; reducing the likelihood of efficient socialization and supervision of the youth. A research study was conducted by Baskin Sommers (2011) to determine whether placement instability played a role in developing delinquent/criminal behavior; results indicated that the children with more instability were more likely to be arrested and have a criminal record. Community disorganization reduces social support structure and weakens an important source of conformed bonding and success in socialization: effective parenting. Empirical research has sustained the idea that the influence of social bonds differs in each type of community and disorganized communities have a negative effect on the competence of social bonds to greatly reduce delinquent behavior. A lot of this is seen in our own communities and the communities surrounding us. It is all about where the person lives, where he goes to school, and whom he chooses to hang out with. The initial development of the strain theory was developed by Merton (1968) where he proposed that opportunity structures greatly affect the ability to grasp common cultural goals, such as the pursuit for monetary gain (Hoffman, 2003). The individual-level component of the strain theory is basically the strain of striving to reach goals within various forms of opportunity structures that could lead to adjustments such as deviant behaviors, delinquency, and even crime. With the assumption that opportunity structures differ in each community, it is safe to say that the effects of strains caused by the disunity between goals and means on deviant behavior will differ in every community (Hoffman, 2003). In other words, the strained youth in disorganized communities have a more realistic picture of their situation, so criminal adaption’s become more likely. Agnew (1992) elaborated this theory to form a concept by broadening the notion of strain with adding a variety of sources, such as families, schools, and cognitive skills (Hoffman, 2003). Agnew assumes that the deprived communities are more likely to have strained youths and that these communities will suffer from more blocked or â€Å"strained† opportunity structures (Hoffman, 2003; Agnew, 1999). What is meant by Agnew’s new definition of this strain theory is that these communities develop an atmosphere that is based on anger and frustration; this could mean a greater chance of â€Å"going with the flow† to maybe prove themselves as â€Å"tough guys† to other communities. The social learning theory or differential association proposes that criminal associations and favoring conflict differ within each community type; it is this differentiation that explains the distribution of crime rates (Hoffman, 2003; Cressey, 1960; Reinarman Fagan, 1988). Individuals embedded within certain communities are either exposed to or opposed to criminal behavior. Akers (1998) sees the sources in these differences: â€Å"The less solidarity, cohesion, or integration there is within a group†¦ the higher will be the rate of crime and deviance† (Hoffman, 2003). In other words, social structural influences on criminal behaviors are fully reconciled by social learning processes. Many researchers stress that the DSM-IV diagnosis applied to criminals completely misses the mark and the idea of their environment is not enough (Stuart, 2004). Some researchers believe that sociological and environmental theories do not include the important concept of individual choice: â€Å"Crime resides within the person, not the environment† (Stuart, 2004). Other research, however, supports the importance of living in a good environment to prevent the development of a criminal mind. Although some researchers may suggest the treatment should be to focus on changing the patterns of thinking of criminals and to hold them accountable for every violation of moral thoughts, other researchers now believe that these efforts are slightly misdirected (Hoffman, 2003; Stuart, 2004, Baskin Sommers, 2011). Other research suggests that even with punishment one can only discourage the criminal act to a greater or lesser degree, restrain the secret manifestation of a criminal urge, but the punishment ill not reconstruct the criminal mind, or avert its development in the individual (The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1928). The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1928) proposes that the criminal mind is not different from that of the sane mind. Of course, many individuals do deviate themselves from the strain of their environment and negative influences simply because of their own personal values and the will to want to better themselves and their way of livin g. The proposed study will examine the moderating effects of the environment on developing criminal behaviors based on where the individuals grew up/came from. The study is based on the social control, strain, and social learning theories. There have been very few studies that examine the impact of these theories and their consequences on the general individual-level processes that affect the person’s adaption’s to an environment exposed or opposed to possible criminal behaviors. Furthermore, by investigating these theories, this study might be able to determine which variables, if not all, indicate the development of criminal minds and delinquent behaviors. It is expected that participants will display more criminal and delinquent behaviors in the more strained and disorganized communities. Some participants will be from a more deprived area of town; they are considered to be part of a disorganized as well as strained community. Others will be from an average to more up scaled living environment; they are part of a more organized community who are influenced by everyone around them to want to have a better living. Each group of participants is expected to react to the way of their environment; to adapt to their â€Å"way of living†. However, in general, participants in a more disorganized and strained community will suffer from more blocked opportunity structures, poor supervision, negative bonding mechanisms, and poor residential stability because despite having personal choices, an individual is always a product of his environment. Method Participants There will be approximately 850 participants in the proposed study that will serve as a representative sample of ninth grade students from U. S. high schools. Participants will be selected from the National Center of Education Statistics (NCES). In exchange for their participation, participants will be given a raffle ticket for a chance to win a variety of small prizes. Design The proposed study will be using the longitudinal method. The independent variables will be the type of community the participants live in (organized/disorganized), their friendships, monetary strain, blocked opportunity structures, and parental supervision. The dependent variable will be their acquired behaviors, which will be examined (according to the variation of delinquency theories), by the data drawn from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS). The NELS is â€Å"a longitudinal study designed to explore the impact of families and schools on a variety of educational, vocational, and behavioral outcomes† (Howard, 2003). The friendship variable will be used to examine the learning theory, the stress for monetary gain and blocked opportunity structures will be used to examine the strain theory, and parental supervision will be used to examine the social control theory. Procedure The representative sample for this study will be drawn by NELS. This sample will then be interviewed. At the beginning of the interview, the parents of the participants as well as the participants themselves will be specifically informed that all private information will be strictly confidential and will be used for research purposes only. The parents will then be given an informed consent to read through. As the participants from the subsample come in for the interview, they will be asked a variety of questions regarding delinquent behavior. All of this data will then be entered in NCES. The NELS data will then be used to examine the community characteristics that condition the impact of pertinent variables on deviant behaviors in the modern lives of these adolescents. Data from NCES will match their residential addresses to census identifiers. Census tracts are used to examine the impact of neighborhoods on various outcomes. The participants will then be interviewed during their senior year in high school. Again, asking them a large sum of questions regarding deviant behaviors. The same data will then be entered in NCES and NELS to retouch the previous information. The issue being utilized in this study is the individual’s environment on his behavior based on a long period of time. The questions asked by examiners will pertain to their relationship with their parents, their thoughts on fighting and violence, cultural goals for monetary gain, and so on. Measures As mentioned before, the friendship variable will be used to examine the learning theory; the stress for monetary gain will examine the strain theory; and parental supervision will be used to examine the social control theory. Conventional definition (Howard, 2003). A conventional definition will be constructed from a set of ten questions that will ask participants whether it is acceptable to engage in deviant behaviors such as having a gun, being affiliated with a gang, fighting, vandalism, selling drugs, using drugs, and stealing. A sample question includes: â€Å"Do you believe it is acceptable to join a gang? †. Response set ranges from one (often acceptable) to four (never acceptable). The Strain Theory. Questions that examine the strain theory will be based on cultural goals for monetary gain and blocked opportunity structures: â€Å"How important is money to you? ; â€Å"Do you have a high or low chance of graduating from high school? †; â€Å"What are the chances of you joining a gang if you knew you would get lots of money? †. The responses will be based on coding: 1 if money is very important, 0 not being important; 1 if high chance of graduating, 0 if low, and so on. The Learning Theory. The learning theory will be assessed by asking four questions about their friendships. Sample questions include â€Å"Do you feel pressured to be involved in everything your friends are in? † and â€Å"Have you ver been influenced by a friend to engage in deviant behaviors? †. Response set ranges from one (always) to four (never). The Social Control Theory. This theory will be examined by parental supervision. The respondent’s parents will be asked a total of ten questions, with answer choices ranging from one (disagree completely) to four (agree completely). Sample questions include â€Å"Do you believe it is important to know your child’s friends? † and â€Å"Do you believe it is important to know how your child spends his money? †. Upon completion of each interview the respondents’ will be debriefed and given their raffle ticket for a chance to win a variety of small prizes. Discussion It is expected that participants will display more criminal and delinquent behaviors in the more strained and disorganized communities. Each group of participants is expected to react to the way of their environment; to adapt to their â€Å"way of living†. If the hypothesis is supported, then each group of participants would adapt to their way of living as a reaction to their environment. Significant findings resulting from the proposed study can be used in better understanding the role of the environment on the development of human behavior. If social control theory, learning theory, and strain theory are found to magnify the chance of developing criminal and deviant behaviors, this understanding could be applied to many different research studies and therapeutic training. Some research has already demonstrated that identifying an individual’s environmental background is quite important in understanding his criminal acts. In the psychological domain, recognizing the existing influences of each theory might be helpful in raising parental awareness of the importance of bonding mechanisms (supervision and interpersonal attachment) as well as children’s awareness of handling certain opportunity structures (cultural goals) and teaching the importance of maintaining strong values, raising society’s awareness of the importance of community organization, and implementing counseling programs. If people are made aware of the negative as well as positive effects of their environment on the development of their behavior, they might be more persuaded to maintain or develop strong values, develop cultural goals, and have a more positive realistic picture of their future, especially if they are living in a strained community. If the hypothesis is not supported, then there will be no difference between the influence of strained/disorganized communities and organized communities on the development of criminal and delinquent behaviors. Matching the social control, learning, and strain theories to each group of participants’ environment would have no effect in determining the possible implicit development of criminal behaviors. In this case, the type of environment (organized or disorganized community) would not justify the consequences on the general individual-level processes that affects the person’s adaption’s to the community exposed or opposed to possible criminal behaviors. Therefore, there would be no reason to raise the awareness of parents, children, and society of the importance of strong values and cultural goals when it comes to preventing the negative influences of the community on behavior. Whether or not the message raises awareness, people would just continue â€Å"going with the flow†. Unexpected factors that can occur during this longitudinal research study, which may skew the outcome, may include the unexpected death of several participants (i. . illness, accident, gang violence), or if a participant moves to a different country. A potential limitation of this study is that it does not involve clinical assessments, which can include family history and background to determine the presence of abnormal disorders (mood disorders, personality disorders). Being aware of the presence of abnormal disorders is an important factor in determining the prevalence and etiology of criminal behavior. As a result, assessing the environment would not be sufficient to determine the risk of becoming a criminal. Also, longitudinal studies of a large sample of the population require a large number of researchers and access to certain legal databases (depending on the study), which takes time and a considerable amount of money. Future research could investigate other factors that might have an influence on the development of criminal behavior (i. e. race, gender, psychological and biological vulnerabilities, and individual choices). It is possible that sufficient justification to support the influences of these theories (control, learning, and strain) could also be accompanied by or perceived as different depending on these factors, such that psychological vulnerabilities (cognitive development), which can be caused by abuse, in any type of environment could influence the development of such behaviors as well. Some researchers believe that crime does not reside in the environment and others say that the idea of their environment alone is not enough. Future research should be done to investigate the measurable affirmation of criminal behavior contributing to a selective demographic based on psychological, biological, and sociological vulnerabilities. Further investigation of the underlying causes of the development of criminal behavior is important not only to raise awareness, but to benefit our justice system as well as to contribute to the developing realm of research in psychology and criminology. References Hoffmann, John P. (2003). A contextual analysis of differential association, social control, and train theories of delinquency. Social Forces, 81, 753-785. Baskin, Deborah R. ; Sommers, Ira (2011). Child maltreatment, placement strategies, and delinquency. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 106-119. Opotow, Susan; Gieseking, Jen (2011). Foreground and background: Environment as site and social issue. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 179-196. Stuart, Bryan (2004). Inside the criminal mind. Journal of Psychiatry Law, 32 , 547-549. No authorship indicated (1928). The problem of the mind. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 23, 1-3. How to cite Criminal Behavior: the Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing, Essay examples

Survey And Customer Relations Prime Designers and Clothe line

Question: Discuss about the Survey And Customer Relations Prime Designers and Clothe line. Answer: Workplace Health and Safety Report Prime Designers and Clothe line is an organization based at the heart of Paris. The specifications of the nature of its goods and services is best told by the quality of the luxury goods and outfits that are produced by the business. The business was founded in 2015 from an online platform but grew to establishing its own physical store by the end of the same year. Just like any other business enterprise, Prime Designers is filled with both economies and diseconomies of scale. Below are additional facts. In this business, health is an important factor to pay close attention to as only employees and clients that are at the best of their health can be able to maximize the productivity of the business. The first observation would therefore, be a situation where an employee is allergic to a certain fabric used in manufacturing special clothes (Kiesbye, 2011 p. 45_. Allergies such as skin rashes and coughing as well as itching as the worst. The second situation is when a client gets into contact with a fading outfit. Lastly, a circumstance of failure to meet the expectations of the client. Internally, the business is prone to a wide variety of risks such as fire. If by any chance fire manages to break out in this organization, the loss would be unimaginable considering the fact that there is the presence of paint that contains a concentrated amount of oil products that are extremely flammable. Also, the risk of theft of logo and originality of the goods and services of Prime Designers stand so high. Externally, clients are prone to the danger of getting cheaper but less quality outfits from the competitors of Prime Designers. In a whole new perspective, the differences that could occur to both internal and external clients as a result of lack of understanding, the best move forward would be stabling a common ground for all the parties involved in the argument. As a great leader, one is obliged to take no sides especially when the argument is still in progress. Additionally, all stakeholders like to be associated with the growth and development of the business creating the impression that both internal and external clients can finally come to an agreement so that they effectively participate in the general decision making of the business. Internal conflicts can be resolved through holding frequent organizational meetings that are aimed at giving voice to each and every member of the organization to raise his plight over a pressing matter (Kirkpatrick, 2015). For example, other than the international objectives that the business has to meet, it also has local prospects that are best handled with rookies. These contracts could include fast deals like designing wedding gowns for traditional marriages. Such a deal could cause a misunderstanding in the organization as two or more rookies struggle to bring to light the capabilities of their respective skills. Customer Survey feedback Surveys opt to be open ended in the sense that they give the respondent time and space to go way beyond their comfort zone. For example, what are some of the challenges faced by consumers of Prime Designers? Are there any health complications that can be avoided instead? Based on the current state of affairs, it is true to state that the fashion industry is flooded? If son, what are the potential recommendations? Methods of getting survey are more like methods of gathering data (Partridge, 2011 p. 45). On that effect, a survey app that is specifically meant for Designer outfits in Paris can be developed by Information Technology gurus and offered in the play store at reasonable prices. The benefit with such an app is that it provides real time customers expectations, opinions, tastes and preferences that keep on changing by the passage of time. In relation to a negative complaint that has been raised by a potential client, the best way to handle such issues is through one on one conversations. On that note, the first strategy will be the complainant can be summoned and the accused employee brought forth as well. The second move is that the manager will raise questions that both the client and the employee are obliged to answer genuinely so that the issue be solved best through amicable decisions. Ideally, the third and fourth strategy can be compensation of the client and the fourth will be a constant lesson to the employee not to afford similar mistakes in the future (Sunderland, 2013). Lastly, peace is established. The positive feedback of clients has the power of putting the business at an advantage point over others that produce similar or alternative goods and services. Once a client is satisfied, chances are that he or she may end up coming back for more or perhaps referring the business to other clients in the long run. This is how ideal businesses are conducted successfully. Bibliography Bauerian, Mark. The Digital Divide: Arguments for and against International Trade. New York: Jeremy P. Torcher/Penguin, 2014. Print. Dunay, Paul, and Richard Krueger. Survey Marketing for Dummies. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2016. Print. Engdahl, Sylvia. Online Social Networking. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven, 2017. Print. Kiesbye, Stefan. Are Survey reliable? Detroit: Greenhaven, 2011. Print. Kirkpatrick, David. The Facebook Effect: The inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World. New York: Simon Schuster, 2015. Print. Mezrich, Ben. The Accidental Billionaires: Founders of exquisite survey firms. New York: Doubleday, 2013. Print. Partridge, Kenneth. Data Collection. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2011. Print. Sutherland, Adam. Survey. London: Wayland, 2014. Print.